Rectal Polyps

Rectal polyps are abnormal growths rising from the lining of the rectum, located in the last 12 inches of the large intestine. They may be flat or develop on a stalk (like broccoli). Polyps are a common condition that is typically asymptomatic. Most never turn into cancer, but a small percentage can slowly grow and develop into rectal cancer. Almost all rectal cancers develop from polyps, thus the critical need for regular screening.

What Are Rectal Polyps?
A rectal polyp is a small growth on the lining of the rectum. Most rectal polyps are harmless, but some can become cancerous over time, particularly if they grow larger. Early detection is important to prevent progression to rectal cancer.

Types of Rectal Polyps

• Adenomatous Polyps: These are not cancerous initially a precursor to colorectal cancer.
• Serrated Polyps: Not cancerous initially, however they have a greater potential to become cancerous without treatment.

Causes & Risk Factors
Anyone can develop colon polyps, but risk increases with:

• Age (all adults over 45 should be screened)
• Family history of polyps or colon cancer
• Smoking or heavy alcohol use
• Being overweight
• Familial Syndromes (genetic predisposition) (Lynch syndrome, FAP syndrome)

Symptoms
Most rectal polyps do not cause symptoms. When present, signs may include:

• Rectal bleeding or mucus discharge
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps or discomfort
• Changes in stool color or bowel habits
• Iron deficiency anemia

Diagnosis
Rectal polyps are typically discovered during routine screenings, such as a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Polyps are removed and sent to a lab to assess cancer risk. Follow-up screenings are recommended depending on the type, size, and number of polyps.

Treatment
Most polyps can be removed safely during a colonoscopy. The majority of polyps get removed this way. However, larger or more complex polyps may require minimally invasive surgery, which is where we come in. Early removal prevents progression to rectal cancer.

Screening
Regular colorectal screening is key to preventing rectal cancer. Please ask your general practitioner about getting a referral to us for treatment of rectal polyps.